US Naturalization Guide: Becoming a US Citizen in 2026
Naturalization is the process by which a lawful permanent resident becomes a US citizen — one of the most significant milestones in an immigrants journey.
Eligibility Requirements
- Age 18+ - Green card holder for 5 years (3 if married to US citizen) - 30 months physical presence in past 5 years - Continuous residence maintained - Good moral character - Basic English ability - Pass civics test
The N-400 Application
File Form N-400 with USCIS. Filing fee: $760 (2026). Include passport photos, green card copy, tax records for 5 years, travel history, and criminal history documentation if applicable.
Timeline
| Step | Timeline | |---|---| | N-400 Filing | Day 0 | | Biometrics | 1-2 months | | USCIS Interview | 6-18 months | | Oath Ceremony | 1 week-6 months after interview |
The Civics Test
USCIS asks up to 10 of 100 official civics questions. You must answer 6 correctly. Topics: American government, American history, integrated civics. Study materials are free on USCIS.gov.
The Oath Ceremony
Surrender your green card, take the Oath of Allegiance, receive your Certificate of Naturalization. You can apply for a US passport immediately.
Frequently asked questions
Can I travel while my N-400 is pending?
Yes, but avoid absences over 6 months, which can be considered a break in continuous residence.
Do I lose my original citizenship?
The US does not require you to renounce foreign citizenship, but your home country may not allow dual citizenship. Check home country rules.
What if I fail the civics test?
You get a second chance within 60-90 days. If you fail again, your application is denied but you can refile.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Immigration law is complex and situation-specific. Always consult a licensed immigration attorney before making decisions about your immigration status.